Leukaemia breakthrough as scientists find drug can fight the blood cancer without causing toxic side effects seen in currently-used medications. ´´Leukemia, also spelled leukaemia, is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells.[8] These blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells.[2] Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising, feeling tired, fever, and an increased risk of infections.[2] These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells.[2] Diagnosis is typically made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy.[2]´´ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia

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Leukaemia breakthrough as scientists find drug can fight the blood cancer without causing toxic side effects seen in currently-used medications

  • Researchers tested a drug on 150 cancer patients and said it was well tolerated
  • While existing drugs attack healthy cells, the new one can be better targeted
  • It could treat chronic myeloid leukaemia, which mostly affects older people

By SAM BLANCHARD SENIOR HEALTH REPORTER FOR MAILONLINE

PUBLISHED: 22:00 GMT, 11 December 2019 | UPDATED: 08:41 GMT, 13 December 2019

123kshares11View comments

An experimental leukaemia drug can fight the blood cancer without causing toxic side effects, researchers say after testing it human patients for the first time.

Drugs for chronic myeloid leukaemia, called kinase inhibitors, come with the risk of vomiting, diarrhoea and muscle pain, and they can also stop working after time.

But a trial of asciminib – a new drug which works in the same way – found it is effective and ‘well-tolerated’ by patients.  

The researchers said it was a ‘breakthrough’ in treating chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), which most commonly affects people in their 60s, and offers an extra option for patients who have exhausted other drugs.PUBLICIDADE

Scientists also claim it could spare thousands of patients the side effects because it does not inadvertently kill healthy cells at the same time. 

The drug could be used to treat chronic myeloid leukaemia, scientists said, which causes the body to create too many white blood cells which clog up the bone marrow and mean there is less room for other types of important cells (stock illustration)

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The drug could be used to treat chronic myeloid leukaemia, scientists said, which causes the body to create too many white blood cells which clog up the bone marrow and mean there is less room for other types of important cells (stock illustration)

Results of the 150-patient trial – the first to be done on humans – found asciminib was not toxic and appeared to work effectively inside the patients.

Asciminib slows down the blood cancer by shutting down specific cancer-causing enzymes called kinases – it is part of a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors.

Doctors around the world praised the creation of the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) called imatinib in the 1990s.

Study co-author Professor Tim Hughes, of the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, said it changed the lives of patients with the disease.

He said: ‘[Imatinib] changed CML from a death sentence to a disease that in many patients could be managed until they lived to a ripe old age.

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‘But while imatinib and subsequent TKIs have been very effective at improving survival, they frequently cause serious side-effects.’

As many as 95 per cent of TKI patients can suffer side effects from their cancer drugs, although experiences vary from patient to patient. 

Side effects can be severe and include life-threatening conditions such as heart failure and liver pain. 

They can also stop working if people have been taking them for a long time, and there are a limited number of options for patients to try. 

Professor Hughes claimed if the drug is successfully developed and put into use it would be the biggest breakthrough in leukaemia treatment since the 90s. 

Alasdair Rankin, the director of research at leukaemia charity Bloodwise, told MailOnline it would be ‘amazing’ and ‘lifesaving’ for some patients to have an extra option.

‘Some treatments start to fail and patients have to move on,’ he said.

‘Many people are able to move on, but it’s really worrying that some people run out of options.

WHAT IS CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA? 

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a slow-growing cancer of the blood which mostly affects older people. 

There are three stages of CML and most patients are diagnosed in the early or chronic phase. In this phase the body makes too many mature white blood cells – in later stages it makes too many immature cells.

The excessive numbers of blood cells can overcrowd the bone marrow, meaning there isn’t enough room for other important blood cells to be made. This can cause many of the signs and symptoms of CML.

Around 750 people are diagnosed with CML each year in the UK along with approximately 9,000 in the US.

The disease is more common in older people and the average age at diagnosis is about 60. Patients can get CML at any age, although though it’s very rare in children under 15. 

About 90 per cent of people with CML are diagnosed during a slow phase of the disease and most will be able to stay in this phase for life with the help of treatment to stop it getting worse.

As the condition develops, symptoms can include: tiredness, weight loss, night sweats, feeling full after small meals, pale skin, shortness of breath, a fever, bruising and bleeding easily, frequent infections and bone pain.

With treatment, it’s usually possible to manage CML and keep it under control but it can be fatal. 

Source: Bloodwise 

‘And some of the options available that far down the line might have serious cardiac side effects and you might not want to use it.

‘A treatment like this one sounds like it’s been effective. It’s a first-in-man trial so they’re trying to see if it’s toxic or not. The study’s in a high profile journal because it’s had good results.

‘This could be lifesaving for people who have failed treatment on existing TKIs – this is a new option for them, although we would say more research needs to be done.’

Chronic myeloid leukaemia is a slow-growing cancer of the white blood cells which takes years to progress – it is most common among over-60s.

People with CML tend to live with the disease under control, rather than having it cured completely. 

Around 750 people are diagnosed with CML each year in the UK along with approximately 9,000 in the US.

More than 6,000 people in Britain were living with the disease in 2010, according to Cancer Research UK.

Survival rates are good – around three quarters of patients on treatment now live for five years or more after their diagnosis. 

Professor Hughes and team tested asciminib on 150 patients, which proved the drug worked and was ‘durable’.

The drug could not be tested on its own because the patients were having ongoing cancer treatment.

The study was carried out by giving patients doses of between 10mg and 200mg of asciminib once or twice a day and following them up for around 14 months.

It found that the drug was active inside the patients’ bodies, even while they were having other cancer treatment.   

Some patients suffered from fatigue, headaches, high blood pressure, joint pain or low platelet counts.

Five patients also got pancreatitis – a swollen pancreas. Despite the side effects, the researchers said the test was a success.

Professor Hughes added: ‘This trial showed asciminib is highly effective, even in patients who’d failed to respond to several other TKIs.

‘Equally as important, it’s well tolerated by patients and appears to have significantly less long-term ill-effects compared to current treatments.’

Current CML medications, taken as pills, work by blocking proteins which can cause cancerous cells to multiply. 

By continuously blocking them over a long period of time, the drugs are intended to keep the cancer under control and stop it spreading.

But they can also block proteins which carry out normal functions. This may damage or destroy cells which are vital for the body to keep functioning normally.

Tests confirmed asciminib – supplied by Novartis Pharmaceuticals – only attacked the leukaemia proteins and not the healthy ones.

The research was published in the New England Journal of Medicine.Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia include fatigue, weight lossLoaded: 0%Progress: 0%0:00PreviousPlaySkipMuteCurrent Time0:00/Duration Time1:11FullscreenNeed TextRead more:

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Chronic leukaemia drug breakthrough could cut side effects

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Many data about it aren´t in this blog. #database #system #time #data #search #information #InternetHistory #contribuitions #improvement #analysis #intentions Intenções @ #person #people #age #longevity #work #reading #probabilities #energy #money #price #clicks #jobs #country #city #countries #cities #knowledge #HumanInterdependence #WorldHistory #communication #HumanRelations #websites #e-mails #SocialNetworks #ranking #links #images #photos #texts #messages #videos #writing #typing #speak #listen #think #feelings #ideas #ScientificDiscoveries #investigations #researches #articles #ImpactFactors #journals #citations #influence #dissertations #monographs #ScientificWorks #Inventions #graphics #subjects #books #references #blogs ´´Compreender as grandes dificuldades de um determinado assunto pode ser um processo muito demorado, porém, de grande valia para o progresso da Ciência em todos os aspectos´´ Rodrigo Nunes Cal Observação/Note: I won a scholarship by FAPEMIG during the period of ´´my´´ monograph in Uberaba. 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Outros tipos de pesquisas e projetos que podem ser feitos são aqueles que analisam a eficácia de diversos tipos de substâncias terapêuticas em camundongos e humanos nos diversos tipos de doenças com o objetivo de saber qual a melhor substância terapêutica para cada doença, levando em consideração a idade e genética, com certeza. Contudo, realizar pesquisas com o objetivo de avaliar qual é a influência da idade e da genética na eficiência terapêutica em animais de experimentação e em humanos, consequentemente, possui um grande valor, já que muitas pessoas adoecem e acabam falecendo mesmo sendo submetidas à ótimos sistemas de diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico, dependendo da doença que possui e do estágio da mesma´´. ´´A partir daí, ao comprovar que há influência significativa da idade e da genética, consequentemente, no processo de patogênese de doenças nos animais de experimentação e nos humanos, seria muito mais conveniente e lógico um grupo de indivíduos de certa faixa etária e histórico familiar e individual de doenças adquiridas e possíveis de serem adquiridas no decorrer do tempo serem tratados com outros tipos de medicamentos, substâncias terapêuticas, vacinas, dentre outros. Com certeza, para a realização destes tipos de pesquisa deve haver grande investimento financeiro nos laboratórios a fim de aquisição de aparelhos científicos altamente eficientes. Com certeza, pesquisas à nível genético e com relação à influência da idade do ser vivo na patogênese de doenças, até das doenças desconhecidas pelo mundo científico. O fato é que este tipo de pesquisa é muito importante porque como todos sabem, há muitas doenças que voltam a se manifestar nas pessoas mesmo depois de excelentes tratamentos, dos mais variados tipos. E outro ponto a ser refletido é a permanência de doenças fatais´´. ´´Assim, este tipo de influência da idade e consequentemente da genética na fisiopatologia das doenças hereditárias ou não hereditárias, um indivíduo de uma determinada idade será submetido a um tratamento terapêutico diferente de outro com a mesma doença mas com idade diferente da de até a pesquisa mostrou uma influência significativa na patogênese da doença, portanto, utilizará outro tipo de substância terapêutica, medicamentos, entre outros. Isso certamente acontecerá se a comunidade científica mundial comprovar cientificamente essas hipóteses por meio de várias pesquisas e projetos científicos. As pessoas precisam ter excelentes inovações para a expectativa de vida humana aumentar muito rapidamente cada vez mais. Portanto, quanto mais a medicina personalizada for, melhor será para cada um de nós´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal ´´The graphics based on data from ´´my´´ dissertation I did can be an excellent reference for many types of researches and projects, of course!! For example, for researches and projects that the goals are analyse the type of influences of ages in mice and human (genetic studies, for example) in relation to different stages of determined diseases, like those that the scientific community do not know about them (unknown diseases). Other types of researches and projects that can be done is those that analyse the efficiency of many types of therapeutical substances in mice and human in many types of diseases with the objective of knowing which is the best therapeutic substance for each disease, taking into account age and genetics, for sure. For example, to carry out research with the objective of evaluating the influence of age and genetics on therapeutic efficiency in experimental animals and in humans´´. ´´Thus, by proving that there is a significant influence of age and genetics, consequently, in the process of pathogenesis of diseases in experimental animals and in humans, it would be much more convenient and logical to have a group of individuals of a certain age group and family and individual history of acquired diseases and possible to be acquired over time being treated with other types of drugs, therapeutic substances, vaccines, among others. Certainly, to carry out these types of research there must be a large financial investment in laboratories in order to acquire highly efficient scientific devices. Certainly, research at the genetic level and regarding the influence of the age of the living being on the pathogenesis of diseases, even diseases unknown to the scientific world. The fact is that this type of research is very important because as everyone knows, there are many diseases that come back to manifest in people even after excellent treatments, of the most varied types. And another point to be reflected on is the permanence of fatal diseases´´. ´´Taking into account this type of influence of age and consequently genetics on the pathophysiology of inherited or not inherited diseases, an individual of a certain age will be submitted to a different therapeutic treatment from another with the same disease but who has a different age than through the research has shown a significant influence on the pathogenesis of the disease, therefore, will use another type of therapeutic substance, medicine, among others. This will certainly happen if the world scientific community scientifically proves these hypotheses through various research and scientific projects. So, the people need to have excellent innovation to the human expectancy  of life increase so much faster more and more´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal Note/Obs: I thought each person could do their own friend request permission setting since Facebook's technology is so big. Eu achava que cada pessoa poderia fazer sua própria configuração de permissão de solicitação de amizade já que a tecnologia do Facebook é muito grande. Very important note: I can earn money with this blog if the person do a donation to increase the dissemination of this blog and to recognize the hard work to do it. - Observação muito importante: Posso ganhar dinheiro com este blog se alguém fizer uma doação pra mim para aumentar a divulgação deste blog e pelo reconhecimento de fazer este blog. Foi um trabalho árduo pra fazer este blog.

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