´´The word “longevity” is sometimes used as a synonym for “life expectancy” in demography. However, the term longevity is sometimes meant to refer only to especially long-lived members of a population, whereas life expectancy is always defined statistically as the average number of years remaining at a given age. For example, a population’s life expectancy at birth is the same as the average age at death for all people born in the same year (in the case of cohorts). Longevity is best thought of as a term for general audiences meaning ‘typical length of life’ and specific statistical definitions should be clarified when necessary. Reflections on longevity have usually gone beyond acknowledging the brevity of human life and have included thinking about methods to extend life. Longevity has been a topic not only for the scientific community but also for writers of travel, science fiction, and utopian novels. There are many difficulties in authenticating the longest human life span ever by modern verification standards, owing to inaccurate or incomplete birth statistics. Various factors contribute to an individual’s longevity. Significant factors in life expectancy include gender, genetics, access to health care, hygiene, diet and nutrition, exercise, lifestyle, and crime rates.´´ @ ´´Studies of human populations renowned for longevity also observe links between low calorie intake, an extended lifespan, and a lower likelihood of disease. ´´Limiting your calories may help you live longer and protect against disease. However, more human research is needed.´´

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  • – > Mestrado – Dissertation – Tabelas, Figuras e Gráficos – Tables, Figures and Graphics – ´´My´´ Dissertation @ #Innovation #energy #life #health #Countries #Time #Researches #Reference #Graphics #Ages #Age #Mice #People #Person #Mouse #Genetics #PersonalizedMedicine #Diagnosis #Prognosis #Treatment #Disease #UnknownDiseases #Future #VeryEfficientDrugs #VeryEfficientVaccines #VeryEfficientTherapeuticalSubstances #Tests #Laboratories #Investments #Details #HumanLongevity #DNA #Cell #Memory #Physiology #Nanomedicine #Nanotechnology #Biochemistry #NewMedicalDevices #GeneticEngineering #Internet #History #Science #World

Pathol Res Pract. 2012 Jul 15;208(7):377-81. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2012.04.006. Epub 2012 Jun 8.

The influence of physical activity in the progression of experimental lung cancer in mice

Renato Batista Paceli 1, Rodrigo Nunes Cal, Carlos Henrique Ferreira dos Santos, José Antonio Cordeiro, Cassiano Merussi Neiva, Kazuo Kawano Nagamine, Patrícia Maluf Cury


Impact_Fator-wise_Top100Science_Journals

GRUPO_AF1 – GROUP AFA1 – Aerobic Physical Activity – Atividade Física Aeróbia – ´´My´´ Dissertation – Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto

GRUPO AFAN 1 – GROUP AFAN1 – Anaerobic Physical Activity – Atividade Física Anaeróbia – ´´My´´ Dissertation – Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto

GRUPO_AF2 – GROUP AFA2 – Aerobic Physical Activity – Atividade Física Aeróbia – ´´My´´ Dissertation – Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto

GRUPO AFAN 2 – GROUP AFAN 2 – Anaerobic Physical Activity – Atividade Física Anaeróbia – ´´My´´ Dissertation – Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto

Slides – mestrado – ´´My´´ Dissertation – Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto

CARCINÓGENO DMBA EM MODELOS EXPERIMENTAIS

DMBA CARCINOGEN IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS

Avaliação da influência da atividade física aeróbia e anaeróbia na progressão do câncer de pulmão experimental – Summary – Resumo – ´´My´´ Dissertation – Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22683274/

Abstract

Lung cancer is one of the most incident neoplasms in the world, representing the main cause of mortality for cancer. Many epidemiologic studies have suggested that physical activity may reduce the risk of lung cancer, other works evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the physical activity in the suppression, remission and reduction of the recurrence of tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic and anaerobic physical activity in the development and the progression of lung cancer. Lung tumors were induced with a dose of 3mg of urethane/kg, in 67 male Balb – C type mice, divided in three groups: group 1_24 mice treated with urethane and without physical activity; group 2_25 mice with urethane and subjected to aerobic swimming free exercise; group 3_18 mice with urethane, subjected to anaerobic swimming exercise with gradual loading 5-20% of body weight. All the animals were sacrificed after 20 weeks, and lung lesions were analyzed. The median number of lesions (nodules and hyperplasia) was 3.0 for group 1, 2.0 for group 2 and 1.5-3 (p=0.052). When comparing only the presence or absence of lesion, there was a decrease in the number of lesions in group 3 as compared with group 1 (p=0.03) but not in relation to group 2. There were no metastases or other changes in other organs. The anaerobic physical activity, but not aerobic, diminishes the incidence of experimental lung tumors.

http://www.google.com http://www.nature.com

https://worldhealth.net/news/overview-longevity-warriors/?fbclid=IwAR2xmCsGyfFjKaUdvBNGun2qSnLqRli0OzwKYr1cscq124p6fxHpAE1x3_8

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Overview Of Longevity Warriors

2 days, 15 hours ago

 

 675   0Posted on Jan 23, 2020, 5 p.m.

Recently the Aging Analytics Agency released their 285 page open access analytical case study which was jointly produced along with the Gerontology Research Group entitled the “Supercentenarians Landscape Overview” which is a comprehensive analysis and overview of the top 100 longest lived supercentenarians, the top 100 currently living longevity warriors, and the 25 most socially and professionally active centenarians. 


This report is an overview of the history and data concerning the longevity warrior population which also takes a deeper look at these individuals that have been verified and recognized, as well as those who are still under investigation to provide trends such as gender and geographic distribution, and first hand accounts on how they lived their exceptionally long lives.

There have always been stories of those who lived to be 110 years of age or older, but a codified system of tracking and verifying their claims did not always exist to separate fact from fiction and human error regarding claims of longevity. L. Stephen Coles, MD, PhD, created the GRG in 1990 to verify and catalogue such claims as part of a mission to  “slow and ultimately reverse age-related decline for more healthy years of life.”

Among the many trends and conclusions derived from the analysis across all continents the gender distribution of supercentenarians tends to favor females heavily by 90%; even when the overall numbers are low as seen in Africa and Australia the disparity remains. This trend carries across all cultures and disparate environmental factors; even within the supercentenarian group those at the oldest ages tend to be exclusively female.

The majority of socially active supercentenarians also appear to be female, both males and females in this longevity warrior grouping appear to have very little chronic age related conditions that would have otherwise rendered them immobile at these more advanced ages including cardiovascular diseases and myocardial infarction, but they also have no history of strokes or other severe physical issues. 

According to this report there are 1579 female and 160 male verified longevity warriors: 800 being 110 years old, 441 being 111 years old, 248 being 112 years old, 124 at 113 years old, 83 at 114 years old, 23 have reached 115 years old, 12 have reached 116 years old, and 2 have reached the age of 117+ years old. 

National demographics of all time top 100 supercentenarians has USA in the lead, but not as a dominant leader outpacing the next six nations due to population size, per capita Japan does better. Longest lived distributed per nation: USA 43, Japan 25, France 8, UK and Italy 5, Canada 3, Portugal and Puerto Rico as well as other countries 2. 

Supercentenarians also have an equally super and strong immune system, a recent study has revealed their immune cells have very unique characteristics that may be endowed with high resistance to non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and stroke. 

Another feature of their healthy long lifespan is maintaining relatively high cognitive function and physical independence even in later years. Basically these longevity warriors are spending their lives almost completely in good health due to the delayed onset of age related diseases and compression of morbidity. 

Key findings suggest that there are several factors that contribute to longevity:

  • Relationships, social inclusion, kindness, love, optimistic mindset, and a strong sense of community make you healthier and happier; numerous studies back this up with strong evidence showing associations between good health and positive emotions showing loneliness is harmful to health. 
  • Socio-economic status level appears to have an important effect on longevity indicators include higher overall economic development, public expenditure on health, standard of living, and the use of improved sanitation facilities.
  • Brain activity has roles on aging and longevity that have a significant influence on lifespan; neural activity is higher among those with shorter lifespan and lower in those who love longer. 
  • Regular physical exercise is important as it delivers huge health benefits ranging from keeping brain cells healthy by delivering more blood and oxygen to keeping muscles strong. 
  • After the age of 80 health, longevity, and almost everything in advanced ages is primarily due to genetic factors while lifestyle was found to play almost no factor from that point on.
  • Following a healthy balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables is important to maintain a healthy body weight and shape; take supplements if required/recommended. 
  • Being conscientious may help to lower blood pressure and fewer psychiatric conditions, as well as lower the risk of diabetes and heart or joint problems. Being conscientious is referring to the ability to be goal oriented, positive, efficient, organized, and self disciplined. 

Currently Kane Tanka from Japan is the world’s oldest person. She is 116 years old as of August 27, 2019, putting her 7 years away from the all time record of 122 years old held by France’s Jeannne Louise Calment. Only 8 people have lived passed the age of 116, and only 2 people have been verified to have lived passed the age of 117. 

While only 2 people have been verified to have lived passed the age of 117, the fact that it has opens the door for others to aspire to live beyond that age and surpass the record. Thanks to advancements in healthcare and discoveries made in research it is very possible that someone alive right now could live, laugh, and love their way to become a longevity warrior aged 125 or more, especially if they follow a healthy lifestyle which includes keeping stress in check, being both physically and socially active, getting enough sleep, having a positive mindset, and following a healthy balanced diet.

Materials provided by:

Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

This article is not intended to provide medical diagnosis, advice, treatment, or endorsement.

https://aginganalytics.com/supercentenarians/

https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/11/11/1907883116

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/13-habits-linked-to-a-long-life

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Longevity

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to search“Human longevity” redirects here. For the company, see Human Longevity.Comparison of male and female life expectancy at birth for countries and territories as defined in the 2011 CIA Factbook, with selected bubbles labelled. The green dotted line corresponds to equal female and male life expectancy. The apparent 3D volumes of the bubbles are linearly proportional to their population.[1][2] (In the SVG file, hover over a bubble to highlight it and show its data.)

The word “longevity” is sometimes used as a synonym for “life expectancy” in demography. However, the term longevity is sometimes meant to refer only to especially long-lived members of a population, whereas life expectancy is always defined statistically as the average number of years remaining at a given age. For example, a population’s life expectancy at birth is the same as the average age at death for all people born in the same year (in the case of cohorts). Longevity is best thought of as a term for general audiences meaning ‘typical length of life’ and specific statistical definitions should be clarified when necessary.

Reflections on longevity have usually gone beyond acknowledging the brevity of human life and have included thinking about methods to extend life. Longevity has been a topic not only for the scientific community but also for writers of travel, science fiction, and utopian novels.

There are many difficulties in authenticating the longest human life span ever by modern verification standards, owing to inaccurate or incomplete birth statistics. Fiction, legend, and folklore have proposed or claimed life spans in the past or future vastly longer than those verified by modern standards, and longevity narratives and unverified longevity claims frequently speak of their existence in the present.

A life annuity is a form of longevity insurance.

Contents

Life expectancy, as of 2010[edit]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of countries by life expectancy.

Various factors contribute to an individual’s longevity. Significant factors in life expectancy include gender, genetics, access to health care, hygiene, diet and nutrition, exercise, lifestyle, and crime rates. Below is a list of life expectancies in different types of countries:[3]

Population longevities are increasing as life expectancies around the world grow:[1][4]

  • Australia: 80 years in 2002, 81.72 years in 2010
  • France: 79.05 years in 2002, 81.09 years in 2010
  • Germany: 77.78 years in 2002, 79.41 years in 2010
  • Italy: 79.25 years in 2002, 80.33 years in 2010
  • Japan: 81.56 years in 2002, 82.84 years in 2010
  • Monaco: 79.12 years in 2002, 79.73 years in 2011
  • Spain: 79.06 years in 2002, 81.07 years in 2010
  • UK: 80 years in 2002, 81.73 years in 2010
  • USA: 77.4 years in 2002, 78.24 years in 2010

Long-lived individuals[edit]

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The Gerontology Research Group validates current longevity records by modern standards, and maintains a list of supercentenarians; many other unvalidated longevity claims exist. Record-holding individuals include:[5][6][7]

  • Eilif Philipsen (1682–1785, 102 years, 333 days): first person to reach the ages of 100, 101, and 102 (on July 21, 1782) and whose age could be validated.
  • Geert Adriaans Boomgaard (1788–1899, 110 years, 135 days): first person to reach the age of 110 (on September 21, 1898) and whose age could be validated.
  • Margaret Ann Neve, (18 May 1792 – 4 April 1903, 110 years, 346 days) the first validated female supercentenarian (on 18 May 1902).
  • Jeanne Calment (1875–1997, 122 years, 164 days): the oldest person in history whose age has been verified by modern documentation.[note 1] This defines the modern human life span, which is set by the oldest documented individual who ever lived.
  • Sarah Knauss (1880–1999, 119 years, 97 days): the second oldest documented person in modern times and the oldest American.
  • Jiroemon Kimura (1897–2013, 116 years, 54 days): the oldest man in history whose age has been verified by modern documentation.

Major factors[edit]

Elderly couple in Portugal.

Evidence-based studies indicate that longevity is based on two major factors, genetics and lifestyle choices.[9]

Genetics[edit]

Twin studies have estimated that approximately 20-30% the variation in human lifespan can be related to genetics, with the rest due to individual behaviors and environmental factors which can be modified.[10] Although over 200 gene variants have been associated with longevity according to a US-Belgian-UK research database of human genetic variants,[11] these explain only a small fraction of the heritability.[12] A 2012 study found that even modest amounts of leisure time physical exercise can extend life expectancy by as much as 4.5 years.[13]

Lymphoblastoid cell lines established from blood samples of centenarians have significantly higher activity of the DNA repair protein PARP (Poly ADP ribose polymerase) than cell lines from younger (20 to 70 year old) individuals.[14] The lymphocytic cells of centenarians have characteristics typical of cells from young people, both in their capability of priming the mechanism of repair after H2O2 sublethal oxidative DNA damage and in their PARP gene expression.[15] These findings suggest that elevated PARP gene expression contributes to the longevity of centenarians, consistent with the DNA damage theory of aging.[16]

Change over time[edit]

In preindustrial times, deaths at young and middle age were more common than they are today. This is not due to genetics, but because of environmental factors such as disease, accidents, and malnutrition, especially since the former were not generally treatable with pre-20th-century medicine. Deaths from childbirth were common for women, and many children did not live past infancy. In addition, most people who did attain old age were likely to die quickly from the above-mentioned untreatable health problems. Despite this, there are many examples of pre-20th-century individuals attaining lifespans of 85 years or greater, including Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Cato the Elder, Thomas Hobbes, Eric of Pomerania, Christopher Polhem, and Michelangelo. This was also true for poorer people like peasants or laborers. Genealogists will almost certainly find ancestors living to their 70s, 80s and even 90s several hundred years ago.

For example, an 1871 census in the UK (the first of its kind, but personal data from other censuses dates back to 1841 and numerical data back to 1801) found the average male life expectancy as being 44, but if infant mortality is subtracted, males who lived to adulthood averaged 75 years. The present life expectancy in the UK is 77 years for males and 81 for females, while the United States averages 74 for males and 80 for females.

Studies have shown that black American males have the shortest lifespans of any group of people in the US, averaging only 69 years (Asian-American females average the longest).[17] This reflects overall poorer health and greater prevalence of heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer among black American men.

Women normally outlive men. Theories for this include smaller bodies (and thus less stress on the heart), a stronger immune system (since testosterone acts as an immunosuppressant), and less tendency to engage in physically dangerous activities.

There is debate as to whether the pursuit of longevity is a worthwhile health care goal. Bioethicist Ezekiel Emanuel, who is also one of the architects of ObamaCare, has argued that the pursuit of longevity via the compression of morbidity explanation is a “fantasy” and that longevity past age 75 should not be considered an end in itself.[18] This has been challenged by neurosurgeon Miguel Faria, who states that life can be worthwhile in healthy old age, that the compression of morbidity is a real phenomenon, and that longevity should be pursued in association with quality of life.[19] Faria has discussed how longevity in association with leading healthy lifestyles can lead to the postponement of senescence as well as happiness and wisdom in old age.[20]

Limited longevity[edit]

All of the biological organisms have a limited longevity, and different species of animals and plants have different potentials of longevity. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory[21][22] suggests that the potential of longevity of an organism is related to its structural complexity.[23] Limited longevity is due to the limited structural complexity of the organism. If a species of organisms has too high structural complexity, most of its individuals would die before the reproduction age, and the species could not survive. This theory suggests that limited structural complexity and limited longevity are essential for the survival of a species.

Longevity myths[edit]

Main articles: Longevity myths and Longevity claims

Longevity myths are traditions about long-lived people (generally supercentenarians), either as individuals or groups of people, and practices that have been believed to confer longevity, but for which scientific evidence does not support the ages claimed or the reasons for the claims.[24][25] A comparison and contrast of “longevity in antiquity” (such as the Sumerian King List, the genealogies of Genesis, and the Persian Shahnameh) with “longevity in historical times” (common-era cases through twentieth-century news reports) is elaborated in detail in Lucian Boia‘s 2004 book Forever Young: A Cultural History of Longevity from Antiquity to the Present and other sources.[26]

After the death of Juan Ponce de León, Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés wrote in Historia General y Natural de las Indias (1535) that Ponce de León was looking for the waters of Bimini to cure his aging.[27] Traditions that have been believed to confer greater human longevity also include alchemy,[28] such as that attributed to Nicolas Flamel. In the modern era, the Okinawa diet has some reputation of linkage to exceptionally high ages.[29]

Longevity claims may be subcategorized into four groups: “In late life, very old people often tend to advance their ages at the rate of about 17 years per decade …. Several celebrated super-centenarians (over 110 years) are believed to have been double lives (father and son, relations with the same names or successive bearers of a title) …. A number of instances have been commercially sponsored, while a fourth category of recent claims are those made for political ends ….”[30] The estimate of 17 years per decade was corroborated by the 1901 and 1911 British censuses.[30] Time magazine considered that, by the Soviet Union, longevity had been elevated to a state-supported “Methuselah cult”.[31] Robert Ripley regularly reported supercentenarian claims in Ripley’s Believe It or Not!, usually citing his own reputation as a fact-checker to claim reliability.[32]

Future[edit]

The U.S. Census Bureau view on the future of longevity is that life expectancy in the United States will be in the mid-80s by 2050 (up from 77.85 in 2006) and will top out eventually in the low 90s, barring major scientific advances that can change the rate of human aging itself, as opposed to merely treating the effects of aging as is done today. The Census Bureau also predicted that the United States would have 5.3 million people aged over 100 in 2100. The United Nations has also made projections far out into the future, up to 2300, at which point it projects that life expectancies in most developed countries will be between 100 and 106 years and still rising, though more and more slowly than before. These projections also suggest that life expectancies in poor countries will still be less than those in rich countries in 2300, in some cases by as much as 20 years. The UN itself mentioned that gaps in life expectancy so far in the future may well not exist, especially since the exchange of technology between rich and poor countries and the industrialization and development of poor countries may cause their life expectancies to converge fully with those of rich countries long before that point, similarly to the way life expectancies between rich and poor countries have already been converging over the last 60 years as better medicine, technology, and living conditions became accessible to many people in poor countries. The UN has warned that these projections are uncertain, and cautions that any change or advancement in medical technology could invalidate such projections.[33]

Recent increases in the rates of lifestyle diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, may eventually slow or reverse this trend toward increasing life expectancy in the developed world, but have not yet done so. The average age of the US population is getting higher[34] and these diseases show up in older people.[35]

Jennifer Couzin-Frankel examined how much mortality from various causes would have to drop in order to boost life expectancy and concluded that most of the past increases in life expectancy occurred because of improved survival rates for young people. She states that it seems unlikely that life expectancy at birth will ever exceed 85 years.[36] Michio Kaku argues that genetic engineering, nanotechnology and future breakthroughs will accelerate the rate of life expectancy increase indefinitely.[37] Already genetic engineering has allowed the life expectancy of certain primates to be doubled, and for human skin cells in labs to divide and live indefinitely without becoming cancerous.[38]

Reliable data from 1840 through 2002 indicates life expectancy has risen linearly for men and women, albeit more slowly for men. For women the increase has been almost three months per year, for men almost 2.7 months per year. In light of steady increase, without any sign of limitation, the suggestion that life expectancy will top out must be treated with caution. Scientists Oeppen and Vaupel observe that experts who assert that “life expectancy is approaching a ceiling … have repeatedly been proven wrong.” It is thought that life expectancy for women has increased more dramatically owing to the considerable advances in medicine related to childbirth.[39]

Non-human biological longevity[edit]

Main article: List of long-living organisms

Currently living:

Non-living:

  • Possibly 250-million year-old bacteria, Bacillus permians, were revived from stasis after being found in sodium chloride crystals in a cavern in New Mexico.[41][42]
  • The quahog clam (Arctica islandica) is exceptionally long-lived, with a maximum recorded age of 507 years, the longest of any animal.[43] Other clams of the species have been recorded as living up to 374 years.[44]
  • Lamellibrachia luymesi, a deep-sea cold-seep tubeworm, is estimated to reach ages of over 250 years based on a model of its growth rates.[45]
  • A bowhead whale killed in a hunt was found to be approximately 211 years old (possibly up to 245 years old), the longest-lived mammal known.[46]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Disputed. In 2018 it was alleged that Calment’s daughter Yvonne usurped her mother’s identity upon her actual death in 1934. See here for details.[8]

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b “Life expectancy at birth, Country Comparison to the World”. CIA World Factbook. US Central Intelligence Agency. n.d. Retrieved 12 Jan 2011.
  2. ^ “Field Listing: Population, Country Comparison to the World”. CIA World Factbook. US Central Intelligence Agency. n.d. Retrieved 12 Jan 2011.
  3. ^ The US Central Intelligence Agency, 2010, CIA World Factbook, retrieved 12 Jan. 2011, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html
  4. ^ The US Central Intelligence Agency, 2002, CIA World Factbook, retrieved 12 Jan. 2011, http://www.theodora.com/wfb/2002/index.html
  5. ^ Nuwer, Rachel. “Keeping Track of the Oldest People in the World”. Smithsonian. Retrieved 2019-01-13.
  6. ^ Gavrilova, Natalia S.; Gavrilov, Leonid A.; Krut’ko, Vyacheslav N. (2017). “Mortality Trajectories at Exceptionally High Ages: A Study of Supercentenarians”. Living to 100 Monograph. 2017 (1B). PMC 5696798. PMID 29170764.
  7. ^ Thatcher, A. Roger (2010), “The growth of high ages in England and Wales, 1635-2106”, Supercentenarians, Demographic Research Monographs, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 191–201, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11520-2_11, ISBN 9783642115196
  8. ^ Milova, Elena (4 November 2018). “Valery Novoselov: Investigating Jeanne Calment’s Longevity Record”. Life Extension Advocacy Foundation. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  9. ^ Marziali, Carl (7 December 2010). “Reaching Toward the Fountain of Youth”. USC Trojan Family Magazine. Archived from the original on 13 December 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  10. ^ Hjelmborg, J.; Iachine, Ivan; Skytthe, Axel; Vaupel, James W.; McGue, Matt; Koskenvuo, Markku; Kaprio, Jaakko; Pedersen, Nancy L.; Christensen, Kaare; et al. (2006). “Genetic influence on human lifespan and longevity”. Human Genetics. 119 (3): 312–321. doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0144-y. PMID 16463022.
  11. ^ “LongevityMap”. Human Ageing Genomic Resources. senescence.info by João Pedro de Magalhães. n.d. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
  12. ^ Budovsky, A.; Craig, Thomas; Wang, Jingwei; Tacutu, Robi; Csordas, Attila; Lourenço, Joana; Fraifeld, Vadim E.; De Magalhães, João Pedro; et al. (2013). “LongevityMap: A database of human genetic variants associated with longevity”. Trends in Genetics. 29 (10): 559–560. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2013.08.003. PMID 23998809.
  13. ^ Moore, S.C.; et al. (2012). “Leisure time physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity and mortality: A large pooled cohort analysis”. PLoS Medicine. 9 (11): e1001335. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335. PMC 3491006. PMID 23139642.
  14. ^ Muiras ML, Müller M, Schächter F, Bürkle A (1998). “Increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in lymphoblastoid cell lines from centenarians”. J. Mol. Med. 76 (5): 346–54. doi:10.1007/s001090050226. PMID 9587069.
  15. ^ Chevanne M, Calia C, Zampieri M, Cecchinelli B, Caldini R, Monti D, Bucci L, Franceschi C, Caiafa P (2007). “Oxidative DNA damage repair and parp 1 and parp 2 expression in Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B lymphocyte cells from young subjects, old subjects, and centenarians”. Rejuvenation Res. 10 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1089/rej.2006.0514. PMID 17518695.
  16. ^ Bernstein H, Payne CM, Bernstein C, Garewal H, Dvorak K (2008). Cancer and aging as consequences of un-repaired DNA damage. In: New Research on DNA Damages (Editors: Honoka Kimura and Aoi Suzuki) Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, Chapter 1, pp. 1-47. open access, but read only https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=43247 ISBN 1604565810 ISBN 978-1604565812
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  20. ^ Faria MA. “Longevity and compression of morbidity from a neuroscience perspective: Do we have a duty to die by a certain age?”. Surg Neurol Int 2015;6:49. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  21. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). “Aging as a consequence of Misrepair –a novel theory of aging”. arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  22. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). “Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs”. arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
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  24. ^ Ni, Maoshing (2006). Secrets of Longevity. Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-4949-4. Chuan xiong … has long been a key herb in the longevity tradition of China, prized for its powers to boost the immune system, activate blood circulation, and relieve pain.
  25. ^ Fulder, Stephen (1983). An End to Ageing: Remedies for Life. Destiny Books. ISBN 978-0-89281-044-4. Taoist devotion to immortality is important to us for two reasons. The techniques may be of considerable value to our goal of a healthy old age, if we can understand and adapt them. Secondly, the Taoist longevity tradition has brought us many interesting remedies.
  26. ^ Vallin, Jacques; Meslé, France (February 2001). “Living Beyond the Age of 100” (PDF). Bulletin Mensuel d’Information de l’Institut National d’Etudes Demographiques: Population & Sociétés. Institut National d’Etudes Demographiques (365). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 September 2012.
  27. ^ Fernández de Oviedo, Gonzalo. Historia General y Natural de las Indias, book 16, chapter XI.
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  33. ^ World Population to 2300, United Nations
  34. ^https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn192.html
  35. ^ “Archived copy”. Archived from the original on 2014-07-29. Retrieved 2014-07-29.
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  37. ^ Physics of the Future, Michio Kaku
  38. ^ Michio Kaku interview
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  40. ^ Jump up to:a b “Rocky Mountain Tree-Ring Research, OLDLIST”. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  41. ^ 250-Million-Year-Old Bacillus permians Halobacteria Revived. October 22, 2000. Bioinformatics Organization. J.W. Bizzaro. [1]
  42. ^ “The Permian Bacterium that Isn’t”. Oxford Journals. 2001-02-15. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
  43. ^ Munro D.; Blier P.U. (2012). “The extreme longevity of Arctica islandica is associated with increased peroxidation resistance in mitochondrial membranes”. Aging Cell. 11 (5): 845–55. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00847.x. PMID 22708840.
  44. ^ Bangor University: 400 year old Clam Found(retrieved 29 October 2007) BBC News: Ming the clam is ‘oldest animal’(retrieved 29 October 2007)
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Sources[edit]

  • Lucian Boia (2005) Forever Young: A Cultural History of Longevity from Antiquity to the Present Door Reaktion Books. ISBN 1-86189-154-7.
  • James R. Carey & Debra S. Judge (2000) Longevity records: Life Spans of Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, reptiles, and Fish. Odense Monographs on Population Aging 8, ISBN 87-7838-539-3.
  • James R. Carey (2003) Longevity. The biology and Demography of Life Span. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08848-9
  • Gavrilova N.S., Gavrilov L.A. (2010) Search for Mechanisms of Exceptional Human Longevity. Rejuvenation Research, 13(2-3): 262–264.
  • Gavrilova N.S., Gavrilov L.A. (2008), Can exceptional longevity be predicted? Contingencies [Journal of the American Academy of Actuaries], July/August issue, pp. 82–88.
  • Gavrilova N.S., Gavrilov L.A. (2007) Search for Predictors of Exceptional Human Longevity: Using Computerized Genealogies and Internet Resources for Human Longevity Studies. North American Actuarial Journal, 11(1): 49-67
  • Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. (2006) Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity. In: Masoro E.J. & Austad S.N.. (eds.): Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Sixth Edition. Academic Press. San Diego, CA, pp. 3-42.
  • Gavrilova, N.S., Gavrilov, L.A. (2005) Human longevity and reproduction: An evolutionary perspective. In: Voland, E., Chasiotis, A. & Schiefenhoevel, W. (eds.): Grandmotherhood – The Evolutionary Significance of the Second Half of Female Life. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick, NJ, pp. 59-80.
  • Leonid A. Gavrilov, Natalia S. Gavrilova (1991), The Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach. New York: Harwood Academic Publisher
  • John Robbins (2007) Healthy at 100 Ballantine Books, ISBN 0345490118 garners evidence from many scientific sources to account for the extraordinary longevity of Abkhasians in the Caucasus, Vilcambansns in the Andes, Burusho people in Hunza, Pakistan, and Okinawans.
  • Roy Walford (2000), Beyond The 120-Year Diet. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows. ISBN 1-56858-157-2.

External links[edit]

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´´The world people need to have very efficient researches and projects resulting in very innovative drugs, vaccines, therapeutical substances, medical devices and other technologies according to the age, the genetics and medical records of the person. So, the treatment, diagnosis and prognosis will be very efficient and better, of course´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal ´´O mundo precisa ter pesquisas e projetos muito eficientes que resultem em medicamentos, vacinas, substâncias terapêuticas, dispositivos médicos e outras tecnologias muito inovadoras de acordo com a idade, a genética e o prontuário da pessoa. Assim, o tratamento, o diagnóstico e o prognóstico serão bem mais eficientes e melhores, é claro´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal ´´As you know, the world needs to have very efficient researches resulting new therapeutical substances, medical devices, prevention, diagnostic and prognostic methods, drugs and vaccines, for example. Very detailed researches are fundamental in this process. So, high impact innovations are essential to the world people!!´´ Rodrigo Nunes Cal  ´´Como você sabe, o mundo precisa de pesquisas muito eficientes que resultem em novas substâncias terapêuticas, aparelhos médicos, métodos de prevenção, de diagnósticos e de prognósticos, medicamentos e vacinas, por exemplo. Pesquisas muito detalhadas são fundamentais neste processo, obviamente. Portanto, inovações de grande impacto são essenciais para as pessoas do mundo todo!!´´ Rodrigo Nunes Cal ´´Ter grandes metas, muitas das quais ditas como impossíveis é muito importante porque pode induzir de várias maneiras em diferentes intensidades na sociedade científica mundial o surgimento de grandes descobertas científicas para toda a humanidade, beneficiando significativamente a vida das pessoas e fazendo com que a expectativa de vida humana aumente significativamente. Dessa forma, doenças conhecidas hoje como sendo fatais e incuráveis, podem se tornar doenças curáveis, com a obtenção de novas tecnologias altamente eficazes de prevenção, diagnóstico, prognóstico e de tratamento´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal ´´Having big goals, many of which are said to be impossible, is very important because it can induce, in different ways, in different intensities in the world scientific society, the emergence of great scientific discoveries for all of humanity, significantly benefiting people's lives and causing the increase of human life expectancy significantly. Thus, diseases known today as being fatal and incurable, can become curable diseases, with the achievement of highly effective prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment technologies´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal * ´´The very unknown path may be the best path to take in life´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal ´´O caminho muito desconhecido pode ser o melhor caminho a seguir na vida´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal ´´A Ciência abre um leque de possibilidades dos mais variados assuntos e dos mais variados níveis de dificuldades. Sendo assim, a compreensão total dos mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos na patogênese das doenças, destacando-se as doenças fatais que ocorrem em humanos, é de suma importância para a humanidade, com toda certeza. Quem sabe num futuro próximo essa compreensão seja muito bem entendida e quem sabe, como muitas pessoas sonham na imortalidade física, dentre elas cientistas, essa grande conquista pode ser adquirida. Como você sabe, a humanidade necessita urgentemente de novas descobertas científicas, destacando-se a aquisição de medicamentos e vacinas altamente eficazes contra um grande número de doenças, dentre elas as doenças desconhecidas e silenciosas, a obtenção de aparelhos médicos muito eficientes de diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento de doenças, entre outros. Com certeza, precisamos ter esperança e motivação para a realização de ótimos trabalhos e para uma qualidade de vida bem melhor e uma expectativa de vida cada vez maior´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal ´´Science opens up a range of possibilities for the most varied subjects and the most varied levels of difficulties. Therefore, the full understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diseases, highlighting the fatal diseases that occur in humans, is of paramount importance for humanity, for sure. Maybe in the near future this understanding will be very well understood and who knows, as many people dream of physical immortality, among them scientists, this great achievement can be acquired. As you know, humanity urgently needs new scientific discoveries, highlighting the acquisition of highly effective medicines and vaccines against a large number of diseases, including unknown and silent diseases, obtaining very efficient medical devices for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diseases, among others. Certainly, we need to have hope and motivation to do great work and for a much better quality of life and an ever-increasing life expectancy´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal - Note: The statistics on the number of people who visited this blog in 2018 were not entirely based on real visitors. As estatísticas sobre número de pessoas que acessaram este blog no ano de 2018 não foram totalmente baseadas em visitantes reais. ´´Great difficulties may have come, but it is of great importance to have in mind the possibility of great victories in the future, bringing happiness and health for a long time´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal ´´O caminho muito desconhecido pode ser o melhor caminho a seguir na vida´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal ´´Understanding the great difficulties of a given subject can be a very long process, however, of great value for the progress of Science in all aspects´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal ´´Entender as grandes dificuldades de um determinado assunto pode ser um processo muito longo, mas de grande valor para o progresso da Ciência em todos os seus aspectos´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal My Curriculum Lattes: http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4240145A2 My Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/scientificblog IT´S A VERY EASY, FAST AND PRACTICAL WAY TO KNOW EXCELLENT INFORMATION ABOUT SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION, AS AN EXAMPLE, APPLYING THE SEARCH MECHANISM Ctrl + F IN THIS BLOG FOR A WORD OR WORDS. SO, THIS BLOG SHARING IS VERY IMPORTANT TO THE WORLD SOCIETY! I hope in some way with this blog to help significantly in the socio-economic and technical-scientific development of the countries. E-mails: rodrigoncal1984@gmail.com rodrigonunescal@yahoo.com calrodrigonunes@gmail.com rodrigoncal1984@yahoo.com ´´NÃO VÁ PARA ONDE O CAMINHO PODE TE LEVAR. VÁ ONDE NÃO HÁ CAMINHO E DEIXE UMA TRILHA. ´´ ´´DON'T GO WHERE THE PATH CAN TAKE YOU. GO WHERE THERE IS NO PATH AND LEAVE A TRAIL. ´´ @ KNOWING THE UNKNOWN.. CONHECENDO O DESCONHECIDO.. The world needs very innovative ideas to people live better and longer more and more. I have been invited as a Speaker/Delegate in numerous International Conferences and Congresses. * DISCOVERING HOW THE INITIAL STAGES OF A CERTAIN DISEASES WORK, SUCH AS A FATAL DISEASES, IS OF HUGE IMPORTANCE FOR SCIENCE, FOR SURE. THERE ARE SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL FACTORS CONNECTED IN THE HUMAN BODY THAT ACTING IN A VERY COMPLEX FORM. THEREFORE, IT IS OF GREAT NECESSITY TO CARRY OUT NEW SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES MUCH MORE DETAILED AND MODERN, WITH A HIGH DEGREE OF PRECISION, EVEN IF THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT STATISTICAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CERTAIN FACTORS. * DESCOBRIR COMO FUNCIONA OS ESTÁGIOS INICIAIS DE DETERMINADAS DOENÇAS, TAIS COMO AS DOENÇAS FATAIS, É DE ENORME IMPORTÂNCIA PARA A CIÊNCIA , COM CERTEZA. HÁ VÁRIOS FATORES BIOLÓGICOS INTERLIGADOS NO CORPO HUMANO QUE ATUAM DE FORMA MUITO COMPLEXA. PORTANTO, É DE GRANDE NECESSIDADE A REALIZAÇÃO DE NOVAS PESQUISAS CIENTÍFICAS MUITO MAIS MINUCIOSAS E MODERNAS, COM ALTO GRAU DE PRECISÃO, MESMO QUE NÃO HAJA DIFERENÇA ESTATÍSTICA SIGNIFICATIVA ENTRE DETERMINADOS FATORES. * The discussion of certain facts in science envolving stastistics is fundamental to the scientific community, for example, the analysis and interpretation of very important, innovative and interesting graphics with no statistical difference between them can have a big value to the researches and to the future researches. So, the quality and efficiency of researches can increase so much in a little time, increasing the possiblities of excellent references and new scientific discoveries. The facts veracity and the disclosure of them are essential for the scientific community, of course. Reconhecer o(s) erro(s) cometido(s) e não praticá-lo(s) novamente é um ato de grande sabedoria e importância para si mesmo e para a(s) outra(s) pessoa(s). Acknowledging mistakes and not doing them again is an act of great wisdom and importance for yourself and to the other person or people. ´´O IMPOSSÍVEL PODE SER POSSÍVEL´´. ´´THE IMPOSSIBLE CAN BE POSSIBLE´´. I have received positive feedbacks about this blog by LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, E-mails and Instagram. ´´EVERYONE DIES. THE GOAL IS NOT TO LIVE FOREVER. THE GOAL S TO CREATE SOMETHING THAT WILL´´ # time #time #internet #technologies #HighTechnologies #Cell Phones #Computer #Notebook  # Television #radio #communication #tempo  #InternetSociety # Society #person # people # age #ages #genetics #longevity #investigations #researches #efficiency #projects #ideas #reference #references #article #articles #journal # journals #magazines #websites #blogs #sites #links #SocialNetworks #energy #graphics #dissertation #monograph #citations #ImpactFactor #pesquisa #pesquisas #tecnologias #DiferentesPercepções #DifferentPerceptions #mind #mente #minds #MentesHumanas #emails #email e-mails reading #MenteHumana leitura mensagem mensagens probabilidade(s) probabilities messages message importance importância relevância assunto(s) subject subjects issue tema reflexão reflections vision visão pioneirismo pionners prêmio(s) prizes awards innovations inovações Grupos de Estudo Grupos Controle saúde doença(s) nome(s) tempo(s) Início da doença - Momento inicial da doença - Momento(s) inicial(ais) da(s) doença(s) humana(s) - Semelhança genética com camundongos - Mice researches - vaccines - drugs - eficiência - medicamento(s) - vacina(s) - High efficiency - Fatal diseases - Doenças fatais - Investments - investimentos - laboratórios - industries - indústrias - laboratories - Centros de Pesquisa - Países - cidades - cities - longevidade - desafio(s) - challenges - gráficos detalhados - interações biológicas - fatores biológicas - análise minuciosa - Very detailed analysis @ Initial moment of disease - Initial moments of human diseases - No Name @ discussion - discussão científica - science facts - detailed graphics - fatos científicos - publicação de trabalhos científicos - publications - hard work - better results - better science - diagnóstico - prognósticos - Diferença Estatística Significativa 100 Diferença Estatística Significativa @ Significant Statistical Difference - V X I Interpretations interpretações intenções intenions countries EU 100 gene Sem genes Cem genes 1 0 0 gene(s) time(s) times 100 limites limite(s) limits 1 0 0 limit NO LIMIT 10 0 @ 100 genes @ 100 gene & NO GENE NO TEMPO NOS TEMPOS NO(S) TEMPO(S) NOS TIMES NO TIME 100 GENE No Time # no time @ nos genes no(s) gene(s) * no(s) limite(s) - words- palavra(s) - listen - write - type - fala - escuta - ler - virtualidade - virtuality - reality - realidade - mundo real - mundo virtual - vida real - virtual life - real life - vida virtual - imaginations - thoughts - pensamento(s) - imaginações - melhoria - improvement - respect - respeito - speak - nome(s) - trabalho(s) - dinheiro - money - team - equipe - objetivo(s) - Best Universities of the World - Scientific Discoveries - Brazil - World - RNA - Cell - DNA - Idade biológica - biological age - pessoas - idade - idade(s) - pessoa - História da Computação Mundial - Harvard - Names - Places - City - researches - scientists - professors - pesquisador(es) - cientistas - professores - professor(es) - Produção científica - Fatores de Impacto - feelings - logic - sentimento(s) - lógica - história - world history - difficulties - dificuldades - Scientific community - comunidade científica mundial - vidas humanas - vida(s) humana(s) - trabalho(s) - human lives - life - human life - única - one life - person people @ momentos - moments memories memory memória longevidade energias energia(s) Many people liked my Twitter and Facebook comments that I informed this blog like great professors, scientists and researchers around the world who work in human health area! Many data about it aren´t in this blog. #database #system #time #data #search #information #InternetHistory #contribuitions #improvement #analysis #intentions Intenções @ #person #people #age #longevity #work #reading #probabilities #energy #money #price #clicks #jobs #country #city #countries #cities #knowledge #HumanInterdependence #WorldHistory #communication #HumanRelations #websites #e-mails #SocialNetworks #ranking #links #images #photos #texts #messages #videos #writing #typing #speak #listen #think #feelings #ideas #ScientificDiscoveries #investigations #researches #articles #ImpactFactors #journals #citations #influence #dissertations #monographs #ScientificWorks #Inventions #graphics #subjects #books #references #blogs ´´Compreender as grandes dificuldades de um determinado assunto pode ser um processo muito demorado, porém, de grande valia para o progresso da Ciência em todos os aspectos´´ Rodrigo Nunes Cal Observação/Note: I won a scholarship by FAPEMIG during the period of ´´my´´ monograph in Uberaba. Ganhei bolsa de estudo pela FAPEMIG durante o período da ´´minha´´ monografia em Uberaba. During the period that I participated of ´´my´´ dissertation at FAMERP, I didn't win a scholarship. Já durante o mestrado que fiz na FAMERP, não ganhei bolsa de estudo. ´´Os gráficos baseados em dados da ´´minha´´ dissertação que fiz podem ser uma excelente referência para muitos tipos de pesquisas e projetos, é claro !! Por exemplo, para pesquisas e projetos que tenham como objetivo analisar os tipos de influências das idades em camundongos e humanos (estudos genéticos, por exemplo) em relação a diferentes estágios de determinadas doenças, como aquelas em que a comunidade científica desconhece (doenças desconhecidas) e que poderão surgir no mundo. Outros tipos de pesquisas e projetos que podem ser feitos são aqueles que analisam a eficácia de diversos tipos de substâncias terapêuticas em camundongos e humanos nos diversos tipos de doenças com o objetivo de saber qual a melhor substância terapêutica para cada doença, levando em consideração a idade e genética, com certeza. Contudo, realizar pesquisas com o objetivo de avaliar qual é a influência da idade e da genética na eficiência terapêutica em animais de experimentação e em humanos, consequentemente, possui um grande valor, já que muitas pessoas adoecem e acabam falecendo mesmo sendo submetidas à ótimos sistemas de diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico, dependendo da doença que possui e do estágio da mesma´´. ´´A partir daí, ao comprovar que há influência significativa da idade e da genética, consequentemente, no processo de patogênese de doenças nos animais de experimentação e nos humanos, seria muito mais conveniente e lógico um grupo de indivíduos de certa faixa etária e histórico familiar e individual de doenças adquiridas e possíveis de serem adquiridas no decorrer do tempo serem tratados com outros tipos de medicamentos, substâncias terapêuticas, vacinas, dentre outros. Com certeza, para a realização destes tipos de pesquisa deve haver grande investimento financeiro nos laboratórios a fim de aquisição de aparelhos científicos altamente eficientes. Com certeza, pesquisas à nível genético e com relação à influência da idade do ser vivo na patogênese de doenças, até das doenças desconhecidas pelo mundo científico. O fato é que este tipo de pesquisa é muito importante porque como todos sabem, há muitas doenças que voltam a se manifestar nas pessoas mesmo depois de excelentes tratamentos, dos mais variados tipos. E outro ponto a ser refletido é a permanência de doenças fatais´´. ´´Assim, este tipo de influência da idade e consequentemente da genética na fisiopatologia das doenças hereditárias ou não hereditárias, um indivíduo de uma determinada idade será submetido a um tratamento terapêutico diferente de outro com a mesma doença mas com idade diferente da de até a pesquisa mostrou uma influência significativa na patogênese da doença, portanto, utilizará outro tipo de substância terapêutica, medicamentos, entre outros. Isso certamente acontecerá se a comunidade científica mundial comprovar cientificamente essas hipóteses por meio de várias pesquisas e projetos científicos. As pessoas precisam ter excelentes inovações para a expectativa de vida humana aumentar muito rapidamente cada vez mais. Portanto, quanto mais a medicina personalizada for, melhor será para cada um de nós´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal ´´The graphics based on data from ´´my´´ dissertation I did can be an excellent reference for many types of researches and projects, of course!! For example, for researches and projects that the goals are analyse the type of influences of ages in mice and human (genetic studies, for example) in relation to different stages of determined diseases, like those that the scientific community do not know about them (unknown diseases). Other types of researches and projects that can be done is those that analyse the efficiency of many types of therapeutical substances in mice and human in many types of diseases with the objective of knowing which is the best therapeutic substance for each disease, taking into account age and genetics, for sure. For example, to carry out research with the objective of evaluating the influence of age and genetics on therapeutic efficiency in experimental animals and in humans´´. ´´Thus, by proving that there is a significant influence of age and genetics, consequently, in the process of pathogenesis of diseases in experimental animals and in humans, it would be much more convenient and logical to have a group of individuals of a certain age group and family and individual history of acquired diseases and possible to be acquired over time being treated with other types of drugs, therapeutic substances, vaccines, among others. Certainly, to carry out these types of research there must be a large financial investment in laboratories in order to acquire highly efficient scientific devices. Certainly, research at the genetic level and regarding the influence of the age of the living being on the pathogenesis of diseases, even diseases unknown to the scientific world. The fact is that this type of research is very important because as everyone knows, there are many diseases that come back to manifest in people even after excellent treatments, of the most varied types. And another point to be reflected on is the permanence of fatal diseases´´. ´´Taking into account this type of influence of age and consequently genetics on the pathophysiology of inherited or not inherited diseases, an individual of a certain age will be submitted to a different therapeutic treatment from another with the same disease but who has a different age than through the research has shown a significant influence on the pathogenesis of the disease, therefore, will use another type of therapeutic substance, medicine, among others. This will certainly happen if the world scientific community scientifically proves these hypotheses through various research and scientific projects. So, the people need to have excellent innovation to the human expectancy  of life increase so much faster more and more´´. Rodrigo Nunes Cal Note/Obs: I thought each person could do their own friend request permission setting since Facebook's technology is so big, for example. Eu achava que cada pessoa poderia fazer sua própria configuração de permissão de solicitação de amizade já que a tecnologia do Facebook é muito grande, por exemplo.

11 Comments

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